Facilitating reef tourism management through an innovative importance-performance analysis method

This study presents a quantitative analysis of visitor satisfaction and its relation to tourism attributes on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. It applies a modified version of the importance-performance analysis to determine various attributes’ range of impact on, and asymmetrical contribution to, visitor satisfaction. The analysis of 369 visitor surveys identified a complex relationship between satisfaction and environmental, operational and customer service attributes. It also identified those attributes which have a strong satisfaction-generating potential when they perform well, such as the diversity of the marine life, interactions with other passengers, comfort of the boat, quality of the entertainment, knowledgeable crew, quality of the information provided and the destination of the trip, and attributes with a high dissatisfaction-generating potential when they perform poorly, e.g. customer service, comfort of the trip, weather, quality of the coral, and cost of the trip. The study also considers the use of attribute-based studies of satisfaction within protected-area tourism and the management of visitor experiences.     

关于动产抵押权人保护制度的立法探讨

如何有效地保障债权的实现、保护债权人的利益成为动产抵押制度的根本性问题。文章从对一些国家和地区对动产抵押权人利益立法保护的考察探索中 ,形成对动产抵押权人利益立法保护的价值取向的理解 :体现倾向性 ,维持平衡性 ,追求效益性。对动产抵押权人利益保护的设计模式及尤为关键的几个问题 :引入登记制度 ,改变被抵押的动产的物权公示方式 ,确定动产的范围 ,对动产抵押权人权利及抵押权实现方式的规定     

新飞机的大问题

空客公司经过无数次调研之后,总算正式推出了A380这个全球最大的飞机。尽管当时有部分客户提出需要得到全货机型号,但是在一开始设计时,空客公司并没有过多考虑货机的改型问题。空客已经表示货机型号依然有潜力,只是该型飞机实际上机腹运力相对小,对货运而言并非最佳。该型飞机投入运营后已经＂迫使＂部分货运公司增加了全货机服务和变更了航班时刻。     

An empirical test of the model on managing the localization of human resources in the People's Republic of China

The localization of human resources has been a major objective for many transnational corporations (TNCs) in the People's Republic of China (PRC). After a review of related literature and in-depth interviews with six TNCs, Wong and Law (1999) developed a model explaining the localization process in the PRC. Based on this localization model, this study empirically tested the antecedents of successful localization results of 139 TNCs in the People's Republic of China. Results showed that, (1) whether or not localization had been identified as an important goal, (2) overall localization planning efforts and (3) actual human resources management practices were important factors leading to successful localization of expatriate positions. Implications of the results are discussed.     

Consumer protection in the EEC after ratification of the single act

The paper analyses those aspects of the Single European Act which have an impact on consumer policy in the EEC. Consumer protection is only indirectly referred to by the Act, whereas environmental policy, and thereby also health aspects, are expressly addressed.Consumers have little to gain but much to lose by a strict application of the integration concept of the Act which is an expression of the intention to create a single market before 1992. It is not clear how EEC and Member State measures are to be co-ordinated.Unfortunately, implementation of EEC consumer and environmental policies has not been improved through the Act. In the future, implementation policy should concern not only the creation of a Common Market forproducers, but should be extended to include common standards of protection for Europeanconsumers.

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Verbraucherpolitik in der EG nach der Ratifizierung der Einheitlichen Europäischen Akte

Zusammenfassung Die Stellungnahme der European Consumer Law Group, eines Zusammenschlusses europäischer juristischer Praktiker und Forscher auf dem Gebiet des Verbraucherrechts, beschäftigt sich mit den Auswirkungen der Einheitlichen Europäischen Akte auf die Verbraucherpolitik in der EG. Es überwiegt eine skeptische Einstellung, weil die Akte die Verbraucherpolitik nur indirekt erwähnt und vor allem bezweckt, einen einheitlichen Binnenmarkt bis 1992 zu schaffen. Positiv ist die ausdrückliche Verankerung der Umweltpolitik als neuer Politikbereich der EG zu vermerken, die über Gesundheitsaspekte auf den Verbraucherschutz zurückwirkt. Die Implementation des EG-Verbraucherrechts ist allerdings auch durch die Akte nicht verbessert worden. Gefordert wird insgesamt eine neue Einstellung zur EG-Integration: der Begriff des Gemeinsamen Markets muß um gemeinsame Schutzstandards für alle europäischen Verbraucher ergänzt werden.

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The European Law Group (ECLG) is a group of lawyers and law scholars in the EEC, concerned with legal aspects of consumer protection. Correspondence regarding the paper should be directed to: Professor Norbert Reich, Centre for European Legal Policy, Universitätsallee GW1, D-2800 Bremen 33, Federal Republic of Germany.     

关于财政分权后果的理论述评

20世纪以来,世界各国纷纷推行财政分权改革.面对财政分权改革,许多学者从不同的角度来分析财政分权后果.学者们主要集中于财政分权对政府规模、政府行为、经济增长的质量、分配公正性、竞争和创新机制的影响等几个方面的研究.本文对国内外这几个方面的研究做了一个详细的综述并给予简单的评析.     

经济相互依赖、退出成本与国家间冲突升级——基于动态博弈模型的理论分析

经济相互依赖如何影响国家间的政治关系是一个颇受争议的话题。基于马克.克里森兹的退出模型,作者构建了一个五阶段动态博弈模型,从动态视角考察经济相互依赖如何影响不同级别的冲突,并着重对经济相互依赖如何抑制冲突升级的内在机制进行了理论研究,得出如下结论:随着经济相互依赖的加深,国家间发生低级别冲突的概率将会增加,但是低级别冲突升级为战争的概率下降,即经济相互依赖有助于抑制冲突的升级。最后利用1949～2008年中美间政治经济关系的现实对理论分析的结论做了进一步的说明。     

国际关系与国际法跨学科研究之路径

从本源看,国际关系与国际法关系紧密;从学科发展史看,国际关系理论与国际法学相辅相成。正由此,在两个学科的联结被割裂近半个世纪后,跨学科研究又在西方蓬勃兴起,甚至号称一个国际关系与国际法学派正在形成。相比之下,中国的相关研究刚刚起步,《当代国际法的发展:一种从国际关系理论视角的分析》一书正是起步阶段的一部探索性之作。该书是从国际关系理论的视角,对当代国际法与国际组织的实践进行的一种跨学科分析,试图为当代国际法的实践提供另一种途径的理论诠释。无疑,国际关系与国际法的跨学科研究必须克服很多困难,包括跨学科研究的难度、学科内的偏见以及学科之间的隔阂等。不过,正是由于跨学科研究本身能够给两个学科的进步带来的诱人前景,决定了其是一种具有强大生命力的研究路径,并将成为学科发展的必然趋势之一。     

Networks of queues with infinite servers in each node applied to the management of a two echelons repair system

After a report of results about infinite servers queues, essentially on its busy period, a model is built, using networks of queues with infinite servers in each node, to study a two echelons repair system for example of a fleet of aircraft, shipping or trucks. The customers are the failures, and their service time is the time that goes from the instant at which they occur till they are completely repaired. The failing repairs occur in a base or in a remote station. The whole failures detected in the base are repaired there. Some of the failures detected in the station are repaired there and the others in the base. The results referred above allow the determination of a two echelons repair system performance measures. In this application, models of Carrillo （1991） and Ferreira （1996） are considered, improved and completed. The theory is illustrated with a numerical example.